faith.” But he never faulted them for not pursuing it “from gratitude.” For example, he says, “Israel, pursuing a law of righteousness, did not arrive at that law. Why? Because they did not pursue it by faith, but as though it were by works” (Romans 9:31–32). Similarly, in Hebrews 11 we find the saints of the Old Testament commended again and again because their obedience was motivated by faith. “By faith” Abraham “obeyed” (11:8); “by faith” Noah “prepared an ark” (11:7); “by faith” Moses “left Egypt” (11:27);